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The history of Kathmandu is truly a background marked by the Newar individuals, the primary occupants of the Kathmandu Valley. While the archived history of the valley does a reversal to the Kiratis, around the seventh century BC, the establishment of Kathmandu itself dates from the twelfth century AD, amid the season of the Malla tradition.
The first settlements, in what is the southern portion of the old town, grew up around the exchange course to Tibet and in early explorer resthouses, for example, the Kasthamandap, which later loaned its name to the city.
Originally known as Kantipur, the city flourished during the Malla era, and the bulk of its superb temples, buildings and other monuments date from this time. Initially, Kathmandu was an independent city within the valley, but in the 14th century the valley was united under the rule of the Malla king of Bhaktapur. The 15th century saw division once more, this time into the three independent kingdoms of Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur. Rivalry between the three city-states led to a series of wars that left each state weakened and vulnerable to the 1768 invasion of the valley by Prithvi Narayan Shah.
The ensuing Shah dynasty unified Nepal and made the expanded city of Kathmandu its new capital – a position the city has held ever since.
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